Extra Heft 12/Extra Heft12.bin/c64s/c64s.doc

Text File | 1994-09-04 | 42KB | 1,131 lines

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Note:

This document relates to the actual REGISTERED version of C64S.
Missing files, non-supported functions, etc. are DEMO version
limitations ONLY. Please read REGISTER.DOC for information on
registering.

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            C64S - Commodore 64 Software Emulator
           Registered version 1.0F, September 1994
                 (C) 1991-1994 Miha Peternel




                     C64S USER'S MANUAL



 This document is (C) 1994 by Miha Peternel. No part of this
 document may be reprinted without written permission of the
                           author.

                    ____________________
                       1. INTRODUCTION


Welcome to a software emulator of the good old fat C64. It
will allow you to run most of the original C64 software on
your PC.

The C64S emulator and accompanying utilities are copyrighted
(C) 1994 by Miha Peternel and may not be copied, sold, hired
or distributed in any way without written permission of the
author. C64 and 1541 ROM code is copyrighted (C) by Commodore
Business Machines.

Minimum requirements:
- 386 or better
- 640K RAM (500K low ram free)
- VGA display (register compatible)
- DOS 3.0 or newer

Optional:
- a soundcard:
  Gravis UltraSound (best for sound output)
  Sound Blaster (all versions or DSP compatible soundcards)
  Pro Audio Spectrum (8 or 16 bit PCM)
  Covox or compatible DAC (digital to analog converter)
- PC joystick (1 or 2)
- tape/floppy interface

You need at least a cached 386DX40 with a fast VGA for real
time emulation. A soundcard is recommended, though the sound
can also be played through PC speaker (at rather low
quality).

The following files are essential for proper emulator
operation:
- C64S.EXE          C64 Software Emulator (for 386 and better)
- SYSTEM.EXE        C64S system emulation
- CONFIG.EXE        C64S hardware configuration utility
- ROMCODE.C64       C64 and 1541 ROM code
- SIDWAVES.C64      SID waveforms

The following utilities make the life easier:
- COM1541.EXE       Transfers 1541 disk contents to .D64 files
- TAPEIO.EXE        Turbo Tape loader for PC
- MAKETAPE.EXE      Creates .T64 files and imports .PRG files
- FIXTAPE.EXE       Fixes bad CONV64 created .T64 files

Documentation:
- C64S.DOC          A guide to the emulator you are reading
- LPT1541.DOC       1541 connection scheme
- LPTTAPE.DOC       Tape recorder connection scheme
- T64.DOC           .T64 file structure
- D64.DOC           .D64 file structure

                   ______________________
                      2. CONFIGURATION


C64S comes with an automated configuration program, which
lets you easily configure emulator options to best suit your
hardware. To start the configuration program change to C64S
directory and type on the command line:

     CONFIG

Or in case of any troubles:

     CONFIG -s

The configuration program will autodetect the presence of
soundcards, analogue joysticks and parallel (LPT) ports.
Some users may have many add-on cards installed in the
computer in which case the autodetection procedures may fail
or even crash the computer. If you notice any such trouble
try running the configuration program with -s switch as
suggested above. This switch will tell the program to skip
autodetection procedure.

The configuration program will then try to read current
saved settings. If no settings are saved, it will use
default settings. Also, you can always use -d switch to use
default settings instead of the saved settings.

In the configuration screen, you may use Up and Down arrows
to move around, Left, Right and Enter keys to change the
highlighted setting.


Configuration overview:

- Sound Output
C64S can autodetect Gravis UltraSound, Sound Blaster (or
true DSP compatible) and Pro Audio Spectrum soundcards. If
the sound output is set to Autodetect, the priority of
selecting sound output is: GUS, PAS, SB, PC speaker. If the
configuration program fails to detect your soundcard's port,
try setting it manually in the configuration screen. Note
that C64S can autodetect and use PAS soundcard only if
MVSOUND.SYS device driver is loaded (this is done by the PAS
installation program).

- Analogue joysticks
This option must be set to Autodetect to use analogue PC
joysticks. C64S provides two methods of scanning joysticks.
Compensating mode takes less CPU time but might fail with
some joysticks or newer "speed compensating" game ports.
Compatible mode will work with all joysticks. You are
advised to try Compensating mode first. If it fails, change
to Compatible mode.

- Video mode
C64S works in two VGA modes. Default Extended mode is VGA
368*240 pixels, 16 colours. Compatible mode is provided in
case you are running the emulator on a laptop with LCD
display or if your VGA system cannot display Extended mode.
Compatible mode is standard VGA 320*200 pixels, 16 colours.

- External devices
C64S supports real-time communication with external CBM
devices connected to PC's LPT port. Setting Use external
devices must be set to Autodetect or to Yes to use any
external device. If you don't use any external devices set
Use external devices to No to speed up emulator loading. The
same goes for External 1541 drive and External CBM printer
settings. C64S can autodetect printer as device 4, and 1541
or compatible disk drives as devices 8-11. The lowest device
number not assigned to external 1541 drive is assigned to
emulated 1541 drive.

- PC printer port
This port setting is used for direct PC printer
communication. Default setting is LPT1, but you may need to
change this setting if you have more than one LPT port. If
you try to assign a non-existing LPT port, the selection
will be marked as not available (N/A).

- Tape port & CBM IEEE port
These port settings are used by TAPEIO and COM1541
utilities. CBM IEEE port is also used for direct 1541 and
CBM printer communication. If you have only one available
LPT port it will be autodetected. If you have many you are
recommended to use LPT2 or LPT3 since LPT1 is usually a
printer port. In case of a non-existing LPT port assignment
the selection will be marked as not available (N/A).

IMPORTANT: If you run C64S in multitasking environment
(Windows, OS/2), you are strongly advised to disable sound
output and set joystick scanning mode to Compatible. This
will prevent general slow down and other difficulties in
such environments, but still won't make possible to use
external CBM devices. If you have a GUS, you may have sound
enabled, but it may conflict with soundcard drivers used by
operating system. Exit environment and run C64S from plain
DOS to enjoy full emulation performance.

When you have finished with configuration, press End and
Return to save settings and exit. You may always press Esc
to abort configuration without saving.

                     ___________________
                       3. FIRST STEPS


After the emulator has been installed and configured we come
to a question how to load and run C64 programs. This is a
step by step description to help beginners use the emulator.

Fast introduction:

1. If you are running the emulator for the first time, and
you have not run the CONFIG utility yet, please refer to the
previous chapter for the information about hardware
configuration.

2. Run the emulator by changing to the emulator's directory
(if necessary) and typing on the DOS command line:

     C64S

  The well-known blue C64 screen appears.

3. Press F9 to get to the tape file screen. Select a tape
image file using arrow keys and press Enter. The selected
tape is now "open" and you will enter tape directory screen
with the list of files stored in the selected tape image
file. Select a file and press Enter. Now you will be
returned to C64 screen.

4. Press SHIFT+TAB (which equals SHIFT+RUN/STOP), which will
load a tape program and run it automatically.

5. Press F10 to enter joystick option screen. Configure the
joystick port emulation as you wish. You can even change the
keys to emulate joysticks. IMPORTANT: If you are using
analogue PC joystick and you are running the emulator for
the first time, press `R' and follow the steps to
recalibrate the joystick.

6. After you have finished configuring joystick settings,
press ESC to get back to C64 screen and enjoy the nostalgia.
:)

7. You can always press F10 to enter option screen, where
you can adjust numerous emulation settings to improve the
behaviour of the program you are running.

8. When bored press CTRL-ALT-DEL or CTRL-ALT-INS to reset
the emulator and proceed from step 3.

9. CTRL-BREAK gets you back to DOS prompt.

Please read the following chapters for more information on
emulator behaviour.
                      ________________
                        4. IN ACTION


The emulator emulates all the components of C64 needed to
make the programs run correctly, display genuine graphics,
synthesize sound, and emulate I/O operations.

The keyboard layout is original C64 with some exceptions due
to a different PC layout.

Some special emulator features make the work with the
emulator easier. The tapes and disks to be used with the
emulator are stored in a special format (referred to as
image files) on the hard disk. You can select the tape
position or a disk using emulator desktop. Emulation
settings can be changed either with the CONFIG program
(hardware settings) or in the option screen (other
settings).

The following keys have special meaning:
- F9 enters emulator desktop
- F10 enters joystick option screen
- F11 pressed prevents screen updates
  Great for uninterrupted sound reproduction !!!
- ESC is an exit/cancel key
- CTRL+BREAK exits the emulator
- CTRL+ALT+DEL or CTRL+ALT+BackSpace emulate reset
- CTRL+ALT+INS causes brutal reset (for reset-protected
programs, actually it rewrites the CBM80 sign and performs a
normal reset)
- PRINT SCREEN captures screen to a Windows bitmap file
(filename C64S0xxx.BMP)

Table of replaced keys with their equivalents:
- C=           Alt
- Ins/Del      BackSpace
- Clr/Home          Home
-             Insert
-              Delete
- Run/Stop          Tab
- Restore      F12

Default joystick emulation keys:
- Primary set (1st emulated joystick):
  Default primary set consists of arrow keys and right Alt
key.
- Secondary set (2nd emulated joystick):
     W    up
     S    down
     U    left
     I    right
     O    fire
                  _________________________
                     5. EMULATOR DESKTOP


Press F9 in the emulator to enter the emulator desktop. The
desktop consist of multiple screens that allow you to
manipulate the tape and disk images used in the emulation,
you can change several emulation parameters and you can even
monitor the emulator CPU and memory (both C64 and 1541).

The top screen line represents the main menu. Press Alt key
to enter main menu. Move around with arrow keys and select a
topic by pressing enter. Or, you can select a main menu
topic directly by pressing Alt plus the highlighted letter.

In all the the desktop screens the bottom screen line lists
the actions available. Press the higlighted letter (without
Alt!) to select the action. Enter will always select the
left-most action.

The following is the list of desktop screens and functions
available:


3.1. TAPE

The tape file screen lets you select the tape image file to
be used in the emulation. Move around with arrow keys, press
Enter to select the tape or change the directory. When you
select a tape image file, you will enter the tape directory
screen. Move around and press Enter to set the tape pointer
position. You will get back to the emulation screen. When
you enter the LOAD command or (Shift+Tab to LOAD and RUN),
the emulator will read a file from the position set in the
tape directory menu. When saving a file, the emulator will
always add a file to the end of the tape image, regardless
of the position set (it will not overwrite anything).


The actions available in the tape file screen are:
- Open
  Opens the highlighted tape image file and enters tape
directory screen (equivalent is Enter).
- Files
  If a tape image file is open, it jumps to the tape
directory screen (equivalent is right arrow key).
- Description
  Lets you edit the highlighted tape's description.
- New
  Enter the file name, tape desctription and maximum
directory size and the emulator will create an empty tape
image file.
- CD (Change Drive)
  Press a drive letter (A-Z) to select a drive where the
emulator will search for .T64 files.

The actions available in the tape directory screen:
- Set
  Sets tape pointer position and returns to the emulation
screen (equivalent is Enter).
- Tape
  Jumps to the tape file screen (equivalent is left arrow
key).
- Name
  Lets you edit the higlighted file's name.
- Delete
  Deletes the highlited file.
- Import
  Select the file from the file list and the emulator will
import it to the selected tape image file. The files to be
imported must be in the two formats:
- standard 1541 .PRG format:
  2 bytes - load address, other bytes - file data.
- German .Pnn format (nn is in range 00-99)
  8 bytes - "C64File" description, zero terminated
  17 bytes - file name, zero terminated
  1 byte - record size (defaults to 0 for .PRG files)
If the file selected is not in one of the listed two
formats, you may get unexpected results.
- Export
  Saves the highlighted file to a .PRG or .P00 file. All
other extensions default to .PRG format (you can not export
to a .T64 file).
- Freeze
  Saves full emulator state in a file. When you load such a
file, it will start automatically from the point when it was
saved. This function is not yet standardized. That means
that the files you save with this function may not be
loadable in the forthcoming versions of C64S.


3.2. DISK

  Actions in the disk file screen:
- Select
  Selects the disk image to be used in the emulator
(equivalent to pressing Enter).
- New
  Enter file name, disk title and disk ID and the emulator
will create an empy disk image file. To use it, select it in
the disk file screen.
- CD (Change Drive)
  Press a drive letter (A-Z) to select a drive where the
emulator will search for .D64 files.


3.3. OPTIONS

  There are two option screens available: the general
options screen and the joystick options screen.
  The option screen actions are:
- Change
  Changes the higlighted option. It either selects the
highlighted radio button, changes the check box status or
asks the user to edit the higlighted field. If the radio
button list title is highlighted, Change selects the next
radio button.
- Joystick
  Enters joystick option screen.
- General
  Enters general option screen.
- Swap
  Swaps joystick #1 settings with joystick #2 settings. This
is to help you reassign joystick emulation settings.
- Recalibrate
  Runs joystick recalibration. Move joysticks as the
emulator asks you to recalibrate correctly. If the emulator
displays "Cannot recalibrate" message run CONFIG and check
if analogue joysticks are enabled (the option must be set to
Autodetect). If joystick scanning mode is set to
Compensating, try setting it to Compatible. Save
configuration, restart the emulator and run joystick
recalibration again.


Options overview:

- Screen refresh
  C64 updates on-screen picture 50 frames per second in PAL
or 60 frames per second in NTSC version. That means the
emulator must generate A LOT of video data and transfer it
to the VGA card. As this is the most time consuming part of
the emulaton, the emulator allows you to control the screen
refresh rate thus making possible to achieve original
emulation speed also on slower PC computers. However, if the
screen refresh rate is to low, it might affect the animation
smoothnes, or, in some cases, it will disturb the functions
that depend on accurate screen refresh rates, per example
some games use hardware sprite collision detection, which
occurs only when the screen is updated. Keep this in mind if
you notice such problems (bullets flying through objects or
similar).
Screen refresh settings:
- Synchronized
  Automatically synchronizes the screen refresh rate with
the speed of your computer. It will autoselect the screen
refresh rate between original refresh rate and the custom
frame rate. This way you can limit the lowest frame rate. It
is advised that you input the custom frame rate between 1/3
and 1/10 and set the screen refresh to synchronized.
- Original
  Selects original screen refresh rate (1/1).
- Custom
  Selects custom screen refresh rate. 1/X means 1 out of X
frames is displayed. 1/1 means each frame is displayed, 1/10
means only every 10th frame is displayed thus saving 90%
time for faster CPU emulation.

- CPU speed
  C64's 6510 CPU runs at a fixed clock speed of around 1
MHz. The emulator lets you control the CPU speed, which is
useful in some applications. However, to achieve higher CPU
speeds you need a fast PC (486/66 will run at 250-450%
speed). The percentage displayed in the parantheses in the
general option screen is the current estimated speed.
  CPU speed settings:
- Original
  Tries to near original (100%) speed.
- Maximum
  Forces maximum achievable speed.
- Custom
  Use this setting to force a desired speed.
IMPORTANT: To achieve higher CPU speeds, you must set the
screen refresh to synchronized or to custom at a frame rate
in range of 1/10.

- VIC options
  The emulator lets you control sprite emulation in order to
gain faster emulation or to cheat in the games that rely on
the VIC chip when detecting object collisions. Set all
options to back to "on" for original emulation.

- Machine type
  There were two major types of C64 machines manufactured
for two different TV standards: PAL (used in Europe) and
NTSC (used in USA). Though most of the programs will run ok
independent of this setting, the emulator lets you switch
between the machine types to gain better compatibility. Try
changing this setting when you notice on-screen garbage or
music playing either too fast or too slow.

- Joystick options
  You can control the emulation of two C64 joystick ports.
You can use keyboard emulation or analogue joystick
emulation. To use analogue joysticks, they must be enabled
in the hardware configuration (set to Autodetect) and
successfully recalibrated.
  The emulator allows you to define two joystick key sets.
Primary key set is used, when only one jostick is emulated.
Both key sets are used, when both joysticks are emulated by
keyboard. In this case primary key set emulates joystick
port #2, and secondary key set emulates joystick port #1.
  IMPORTANT: When the keyboard joystick emulation is
enabled, the keys used for joystick emulation don't respond
in the original way anymore. Per example: if key 'A' is used
to emulate joystick direction, you won't be able to type
character 'A'. When such conflicts occur, either press F10
and disable keyboard joystick emulation, or change the keys
used for joystick emulation so they will not conflict with
the keys that need to operate originally. Some keyboards
also behave strange when multiple keys are pressed at the
same time. This is the most annoying when emulating
joystick, per example you might notice that you can't move
up-left and shot at the same time. If you notice such or
similar behaviour, try changing the joystick emulation keys.


3.4. MONITOR

  Built-in monitor lets you watch the programs when running.
In the monitor screen you see:
- 6510 registers (top right)
- 6510 code (top left)
- memory dump (bottom)
  Move around with arrow keys, move faster with Page Up,
Page Down, Home and End keys.
  Data dumped at I/O addresses $D000-$DFFF is the latest
data written or read from the I/O address, it is not always
what CPU will read next.

The actions available are:
- Mode
  Switches focus between code and dump.
- Bank
  Selects memory bank. 0-7 selects a C64 bank (equal to low
3 bits of memory location $01), 8 selects emulated 1541
memory.
- Goto
  Prompts for a new address and jumps to it.
- Where
  Moves code display to the instruction where emulation was
interrupted.
- Trace (F7)
  Executes one instruction and moves code display.
- Step (F8)
  Steps over the instruction skipping code display of
subroutine branches. In case of a subroutine call, the
subroutine is executed in debug mode. You can interrupt
subroutine execution by pressing Esc.
- Here (F4)
  Sets a breakpoint at the position of code display and runs
C64 emulation in debug mode until CPU reaches the
instruction at the breakpoint or Esc key is pressed.
IMPORTANT: Running C64 emulation in debug mode will cause 30-
50% slow down. Exit debug mode by pressing Esc, once you
have finished monitoring the programs.


3.5. HELP

  Online help provides basic information the user needs when
running C64S. It is meant more like online reference and not
a copy of the manual.

  Help usage:
- Use arrow keys to move around topics.
- Press Enter or R to jump to the highlighted topic.
- Press I to get help index.
- Use Page Up and Page down keys to list help screens.

                         ___________
                           6. TIPS


Q: I selected a disk image file in the disk file screen. How
can I use it ?
A: Using 1541 drive operates in the original way. The CBM
DOS commands (except format) work, too. Type LOAD"$",8,1 to
load directory, LIST to see it, LOAD"prg name",8 to load a
program (you may use wildcards) and RUN to start it. To load
a file to its original address, you need to type LOAD"prg
name",8,1. Run a machine code program writing SYS xxxx,
where xxxx is the program entry address (decimal).

Q: My display does not show the whole C64 screen !
A: Run CONFIG and set display mode to Compatible. This is a
must-to-do if you use a laptop computer with an LCD display.

Q: When I press certain keys the emulator seems to dump
random characters, arrows and noumbers !
A: You need to enter joystick option screen (press F10) and
disable joystick emulation. C64 scans keyboard and joysticks
at the same I/O addresses and this is a well-known side
effect.

Q: Keyboard joystick emulation does not work O.K. !
A: Try changing joystick emulation keys (press F10). Note
that some keyboards behave strange when multiple keys are
pressed at the same time. If you notice that particular keys
work O.K. when pressed one by one, but malfunction when
pressed together, you must change the joystick emulation
keys (find a combination that will work O.K. with your
keyboard).

Q: I have difficulties using analogue joystick. What can I
do ?
A: You must recalibrate it in the joystick option screen
(press F10 and `R'). If the emulator displays the "Cannot
recalibrate" message, exit the emulator, run CONFIG and
check that analogue joystick option is set to Autodetect. If
joystick scanning mode is set to Compensating, try setting
it to Compatible. When you change joystick scanning mode,
you also need to recalibrate joysticks in the emulator!
Also, if you are using a single analogue joystick, try
assigning analogue joystick emulation to one port only.

Q: The emulator doesn't autodetect my PAS soundcard !
A: Check that MVSOUND.SYS device driver is loaded in your
CONFIG.SYS file. If you installed PAS software properly the
following line should be placed in CONFIG.SYS:
     device=c:\spectrum\mvsound.sys [parameters]
Run PAS installation software to install the driver or read
your PAS User's Guide to find out how to modify CONFIG.SYS
and configure MVSOUND.SYS.

Q: Can I use PC printer with emulated C64 programs ?
A: Yes, but only for pure text output. Printing graphics or
changing text attributes will not work, because CBM printers
and PC printers use different sets of control codes. To use
PC printer, you must run CONFIG and select the LPT port
where your printer is connected (default is LPT1 which will
work OK, if you only have one LPT port).

Q: Can I use 1541 disk drive or CBM printer with emulated
C64 programs ?
A: Yes. Any CBM devices connected to LPT port can be used
with emulated C64 programs. Run CONFIG and check that use of
external devices is enabled or set to autodetect. If you get
into problems, please refer to the configuration section of
the manual.

Q: May I run C64S from Windows, Windows NT or OS/2 ?
A: Yes, but C64S runs much slower in such environments. This
slow down especially affects sound output. If you notice any
troubles you are advised to run CONFIG, disable sound output
(set to No sound) and set joystick scanning mode to
compatible.  Run C64S from plain DOS to gain best
performance.

Q: DISK IO banner keeps blinking in bottom left corner !
A: DISK IO banner is blinking when a user program is running
in emulated 1541 RAM, usually it's fast loader or protection
code. If the banner keeps blinking forever it probably means
the program got stuck. Press Esc to terminate DISK IO mode.

Q: How can I achieve the highest possible emulation speed ?
A: Enter general options screen. Set the CPU speed to
maximum. Set screen refresh to custom and enter custom frame
rate 1/99. If the application does not use sprites set show
sprites to off. Press ESC and watch your application go mad.
To gain even more speed run CONFIG and disable sound
emulation and analogue joysticks. Also, if possible, disable
memory managers like QEMM, EMM and 386MAX. If you are using
Windows or OS/2, try running C64S from plain DOS.

Q: I prefer 320*200 graphics resolution used in the demo
version !
A: Run CONFIG and set display mode to Compatible.

Q: What is the best soundcard to be used for the sound
emulation ?
A: Gravis UltraSound. It takes the least CPU time and
produces the best output. The new GUS driver uses advanced
wavetable synthesis to generate crystal clear 44 kHz 16 bit
sound output.

Q: What to do to listen to C64 tunes on a slower PC ?
A: Enter general options screen. First, set CPU speed to
original. Set screen refresh to synchronized and enter
custom frame rate 1/10. Now press ESC. If the sound seems to
be disturbed, hold down F11. If this does not help your
computer is unfortunately too slow.
                    _____________________
                      7. COMPATIBILITY


The following is the compatibility list.
+ means implemented and compatible (++ is new from v0.9, +++
is new from v1.0)
- means not implemented or not compatible
* means planned in the future


  CPU

++ full 6510 instruction set
+++ $01 memory banking and I/O
+++ $00 CPU I/O direction control
+ flags (not 100% compatible in decimal operations)
++ cycle counts
* boundary crossing I/O tricks


  VIC

+ all graphic modes
++ border
++ open border (upper and lower)
+ sprites
++ interrupts: raster, sprite collisions (no light pen IRQ)
+ multiplied sprites
+ hardware scroll
+ shrunk screen
++ cycle exact screen changes
++ DMA
++ screen snapshots
* forced DMA
* full open border (left and right)
* more $D011 and $D016 tricks


  SID

+ supports GUS, SB, DAC and PC speaker
+ all 3 channels
++ 8 bit sampled original waveforms
+ ADSR envelope control
+ master volume control
+ pulse width modulation
++ $D418 amplitude output
+++ 8000 Hz synthesis on PC speaker (6 bit), SB (8 bit) and
PAS (8/16 bit)
+++ 44100 Hz synthesis on GUS (16 bit wavetable)
- no channel to channel effects
* filtering (at least for digital sound effects)
* SB AWE 32 native mode driver


  CIA 1

+ keyboard emulation
+ joystick emulation
+ timer A
++ timer B
+ IRQ control
+ IRQ
++ time of day (C64 synchronized)
+++ time of day alarm
* rebindable keyboard
* serial port


  CIA 2

+ VIC bank select
++ serial bus communication
++ timer A
++ timer B
+++ NMI control
+++ NMI
++ time of day (C64 synchronized)
+++ time of day alarm


  1541

+ ROM level emulation (16K RAM & I/O + 16K ROM)
+ supports CBM DOS 2.6 commands except format
+ fast (ROM trapped) C64 to 1541 connection
+ image file operation
++ 1541 disk transfer utility
++ emulates direct serial bus communication
+++ supports 35 and 40 track .D64 image files
+++ suppors sector error information
+++ real 1541 connection (LPT port)
* improved (GCR coded) image file format


  TAPE

+ ROM trapped LOAD and SAVE routines
+ tape image files with directory
+ ultra fast loading
++ TapeIO Turbo Tape loader for PC tape connector
++ MakeTape utility
* tape digitizing


  PRINTER

+++ supports PC printers (for pure text output only)
+++ supports CBM printers (connected to LPT port)


  EMU-DETECTION

+++ $DFFF read flip flop ($AA,$55)
+++ $DFFE manufacturer code (`S'=C64S)
+++ $DFFC version number ($0104=1.0D)
+++ $DFA0 message (tiltle, version, $0D, copyright, $00)

                    _____________________
                      8. FILE TRANSFERS


The emulator uses two types of image files to store the
information in the format C64 programs can handle. There are
two types of image files:

- .T64 files represent tape image files. Though the C64 tape
drives were slow and unreliable this type of storage on PC
systems has certain advantages over other methods. The most
important is that a tape image file contains a tape
directory with the information about all the files stored in
the image file. This way the user can easily see the
contents and select the file he or she wishes to access.
Instead of slow C64 loader fast PC routines take care of
loading and saving thus minimizing the time necessary for
such operations. The last important feature is that multiple
C64 files can be stored in one tape image file. This helps
the user organize big collections of C64 software. The
emulator provides the tools for manipulating .T64 files: the
tools built in the emulator desktop, MAKETAPE utility for
creating tape image files and importing files, FIXTAPE
utility to fix CONV64 created files and TAPEIO utility,
which is a Turbo Tape loader for PC.

- .D64 files represent disk image files. These files are
actually a faithful reproduction of the 1541 formatted
floppy disk contents. They contain the data of all disk
sectors in the order they appear on a real 1541 disk. The
emulator emulates 1541 floppy drive so that emulated C64
programs can read and write emulated disks just like real
disks. Of course, you can store hundreds of floppy disks to
image files and use them simply by selecting them in the
disk file selection screen. The emulator also includes a
COM1541 utility that will let you transfer data from 1541
disks to image files.



8.1. Using COM1541 utility

COM1541 will let you transfer data from 1541 (or compatible)
floppy drive to disk image files that can be used with the
emulator. If you keep a big collection of 1541 disks, you
can now easily transfer them to your PC system.

To run COM1541 successfully you need to do the following:
     If  you are running COM1541 for the first time, run
 CONFIG and set the 1541 port to your LPT port's I/O address.
 If you do not know the address you will need to experiment
 to find the right one.
     Connect PC's LPT port and 1541's serial port with the
 cable (please refer to file LPT1541.DOC for details about
 the connection).

Then you can run COM1541 by typing on the command line:

     COM1541

If you are not running COM1541 from the emulator's home
directory, you need to use a switch to specify LPT port I/O
address. Use 1 for 278, 2 for 378 and 3 for 3BC. Example:

     COM1541 2

COM1541 will try to connect using LPT port at I/O address
378.

Upon successful program execution the 1541 drive led should
blink and the drive motor start running for a while. A short
menu will display on the screen:

     [D]  Display disk directory
     [I]  Import disk (BAM allocated sectors only)
     [F]  Import full disk (all sectors)
     [X]  Exit

Insert a disk to 1541 drive and press `D' to see the
directory. If  the directory seems O.K., everything is ready
for disk transfer. It is up to you to select a method of
disk transfer. Usually selecting `I' will transfer the disks
the fastest and correctly. This method will transfer only
the sectors marked as used in the disk Block Allocation Map,
but as C64 programmers managed to do lots of irregular
tricks with the 1541 floppies not all applications mark the
sectors as used. Thus you can press `F' to select full disk
transfer.

After selecting a transfer method, COM1541 will prompt for a
file name. If a file with the same name already exists it
will be rewritten! You do not need to add an extension,
because COM1541 will add .D64 by default. If no file name is
given, the default file name is IMPORT.D64. If this is the
case, rename the file after transferring to avoid possible
later difficulties.

When COM1541 finishes transferring the disk, exit with `X'.
The disk image file is now ready to use with the emulator.
Run C64S and check it.



8.2. Using TAPEIO utility

TAPEIO utility is actually a TURBO TAPE compatible loader
for PC. The files loaded without errors are stored to a .T64
file so they can be used immediately with the emulator. To
use it you need to connect a C64 tape recorder to PC's LPT
port (please refer to file LPTTAPE.DOC for details about
connection). A VGA compatible display is necessary for
graphic display of incoming tape data.

The syntax is:

     TAPEIO [tapename[.T64]] [port]

If you are running TAPEIO from the emulator's directory it
will read the tape port selected with the CONFIG utility
(default setting is 378). If you want to select a different
port, you must specify it on the command line. Use 1 for
278, 2 for 378 and 3 for 3BC. Run TAPEIO with no parameters
to see the list of LPT port noumbers. TAPEIO will not load
anything if the port is not set correctly.

If a .T64 file with the given name does not exist, the
utility creates an empty tape image file.

When you run TAPEIO, you are first presented with a record
joustage screen. The border flashes and there is a red
(dark) vertical line in the middle of the screen. Now press
PLAY on the tape recorder. What you should see on the screen
is the data coming from the tape recorder displayed as
yellow graphics scrolling up. If the communication is O.K.,
the yellow graphics should form two jagged stripes. Now you
can use Left and Right arrow keys to move the red line in-
between the stripes. Use Up and Down arrow keys to change
the display scale if necessary. This procedure is required
to accommodate the loader to the speed of your computer. You
can use a screw driver to adjust the tape head position in
order to improve signal quality.

When the red line is located as described above press Enter
to start the loader. The loader will start searching for a
file header. When a header is found, all the data is dumped
onto the screen. When a file is being loaded, the border
flashes in blue colours and the increasing percentage is
displayed on the screen. This percentage tells the amount of
the file already loaded. If the file is loaded with no
errors it is added to the tape image file given on the
command line. TAPEIO will continue loading files until the
tape image directory is full or it is interrupted by
pressing ESC.

Press ESC at any time to exit TAPEIO and return to DOS.



8.3. Using MAKETAPE utility

If you transfer C64 files using the shareware X1541 utility
or if you download them from a FTP site or a BBS, you will
probably get the files in the raw C64 format (with usual
extension .PRG). The files look like: 2 bytes - start
address, other bytes - code. MAKETAPE allows you to create
empty tape image files and import raw C64 files. In addition
to that MAKETAPE also imports .P00 files.

The syntax is:

     MAKETAPE [tapename] [file1] [file2] ...

MAKETAPE first checks if tapename.T64 already exists. In
this case it opens the file, otherwise it creates an empty
.T64 file with the given name. If the tapename is succeeded
by filenames file1, file2..., MAKETAPE adds each file listed
to the end of the tape file.

Example:
You got a file called JOKE.PRG, which you know is a C64
file. You would like to create a new tape image file named
"JOKES.T64" and import your file, so you can use it in the
emulator. The solution is as simple as that:

     MAKETAPE jokes joke.prg

Run the emulator, enter tape file screen and you will see a
new entry "JOKES" listed among other tape image files. You
can edit the description. Open the tape and "JOKE.PRG" will
be listed in the tape directory.


8.4. Using FIXTAPE utility

The first demo version of C64S was released without the
MAKETAPE utility. As a result a quick hack utility CONV64
appeared. In best efforts to translate C64 software into the
.T64 format the respective author simply used the
Cybernoid's header not knowing that a lot of important
information is stored in the .T64 file. Among other things
the program end address was not adjusted according to the
imported file's size. As a side effect many crunched
programs refused to work, longer programs did not fully load
and BASIC programs complained with an OUT OF MEMORY message.
The emulator now checks if it loads from a CONV64 file and
tries to fix the mess. LOAD ERROR message is generated to
inform the user something is wrong. If you notice such
behaviour run FIXTAPE to fix the tape image file. You are
encouraged to make a copy of the file before trying to fix
it for safety reasons.

The syntax of FIXTAPE is:

     FIXTAPE [tapename1] [tapename2] ...

FIXTAPE will check all the listed files (tapename.T64). It
will display Fixed upon successful correction or O.K. if the
file needs no fixing. Run this utility with one file tape
images only !
                       _______________
                         9. CONTACTS


North American representatives:

C64S 1.0 is now available in USA, Canada, Mexico, Australia
and New Zealand. Contact:

        USA orders $69.95us.
        Canada and Mexico orders $69.95us + $5.00us SH.
        Australia and New Zealand $69.95us + $10.00us SH.

        For Credit Card (VISA or MasterCard) orders
        Phone, Fax, Mail or Email to:

        Phone:  [phone]
        Fax:    [phone]
        Email:  [e-mail]
        CompuServe:     71202,560
        FTP:    as.seattlelab.com (204.29.31.1)

        For Check or Money Order orders send to:

        Seattle Lab
        214 First St.
        Kirkland, WA 98033
        U.S.A.


European representatives:

Vertrieb, Support und Registrierung f
r Deutschland,
sterreich und Schweiz:

       phs EDV Beratung
       Michael Penzkofer
       Davenstedter Str. 10
       D-30449 Hannover

       Tel.: [phone]
       Fax : [phone]
       BBS : 49-511-455 011  (300..14400 Bd)


Prodaja in podpora v Sloveniji:

Prodajo in podporo v Sloveniji izvaja Miha Peternel osebno.
Cena emulatorja je 2500 SIT, placa se po povzetju. V paket
ni vkljucen vmesnik za prikljucitev Commodorjevih zunanjih
enot, vendar dodam navodilo za izdelavo le-tega. Za
informacije in narocila uporabite enega od spodaj navedenih
naslovov.


Author:

In case you would like to contact me you can choose among
the addresses listed below. I prefer E-mail, because it's
the cheapest, the fastest and I will always get the messages
if addressed to both E-mail addresses. I am looking forward
to hearing ANY ideas on how to improve the emulator
(software and documentation). Also, feel free to ask any
questions.

E-mail: (preferred)
  [e-mail]
  [e-mail]
E-mail messages to both addresses if possible.

Phone:
  [phone] (fax/modem on demand)
  8-11 PM, Central European Time

Snail mail:
  Miha Peternel (for C64S)
  Pot v Bitnje 66
  64000 Kranj
  Slovenia

Special greets go to: Marko Mkel, Urog Platige, Udo van
den Heuvel, Jeff Gilmour, Gert Ensing, Ulrik/Surprise!
Productions and Gore/Future Crew.
                       ______________
                          CONTENTS

1. Introduction
 Basic C64S information.
2. Configuration
 Hardware configuration guide.
3. First Steps
 Step by step introduction to C64S system.
4. In Action
 The differences between real and emulated C64.
5. Emulator Desktop
 Detailed description of desktop and built-in tools.
6. Tips
 Trouble shooting and tailoring emulation.
7. Compatibility
 Detailed compatibility list.
8. File Transfers
 A guide on file transfers with C64S utilities.
9. Contacts
 Getting in touch with representatives and the author.